EPA’s State & Local Climate and Energy program highlighted three free, peer-reviewed tools: AVERT (hourly marginal emissions, web/Excel, updated April 2024, models >25 MW dispatchable units, best for ≲5‑year horizons), COBRA (maps and monetizes PM2.5 health co‑benefits and links with AVERT), and EIS (Excel-based program planner combining 14 datasets to estimate savings, avoided emissions, peak impacts and energy burden down to utility scale).